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Some industrial and commercial buildings are capable of reaching heights of more than 60 stories. Apparently, when these buildings are being constructed, they require equally tall cranes to be able to transport the materials to the higher floors. There are cranes which are operated from the rear of trucks or other types that have their own vehicle attached. Tower cranes are the biggest types offered on the market.
Tower cranes are the stand-alone structures that are usually found on high-rise building projects. Usually, they are part of a major city's downtown skyline. Wherever new construction such as skyscrapers or apartment buildings and commercial facilities like shopping center are being built, chances are a crane will be on site.
Kinds
There are two different kinds of cranes: boom crane or the jib crane. The jib is a metal frame that extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal as it carries items. On a luffing kind of tower crane, the jib can ratchet to downward or upward angles. The lifting capacity for both kinds can range from 30 pounds to 10,000 lbs.
Body
The body of the crane is composed of a vertical steel mast that is composed of separate [parts. The parts are added to be able increase the overall height of the equipment. The mast extends upward to where the desired height is, to the control module, that is a small room that has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also referred to. The operator of the crane works from inside of the tower.
Lift
To raise supplies, the crane utilizes a braided metal cord. The cord extends all the way to the end of the jib or boom from a motor located next to the control module. There is a pulley system situated at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib which holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib located on the tower's opposite side. The counter jib holds weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from toppling over when lifting heavy materials.
The hydraulic truck crane is a specialized mobile crane that uses hydraulic power to raise and move thousands of pounds. Hydraulics utilizes forces being transmitted through oil pushing in opposite directions on the pistons of the boom so as to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are essential in building major projects such as airports, bridges, buildings and streets. A crane could accomplish in minutes jobs that would normally take lots of hours and hundreds of men to accomplish.
These remarkable machinery have played a very important part in constructing houses, cities, individual buildings and entire nations throughout the ages. Even Egypt's Great Pyramids were likely constructed using basic cranes to allow the heaviest materials in one of the most amazing construction projects ever.
The first cranes were established during 3000 B.C. Egypt during the reign of King Ramses. This lifting device was initially utilized to collect water. The very first official "cranes" appeared during Ancient Greece. These mechanism were utilized to build a whole nation during the 5th century B.C.
Originally, cranes were first made out of wood. It wasn't until the designers building dockyards decided they required something stronger and bigger did these equipments evolve. Hick & Rothwell designed the first cast iron cranes in Bolton, England, during the year 1834. This machinery was capable of lifting up to 2 tons. That same year, the addition of wire rope was added to the crane by an Official of the German Superior Board, Herr Albert Sr. The wire rope made the crane stronger and more durable. This addition enabled cranes to have a bigger capacity to lift heavy weights.
Ultimately, the wire ropes were weaved together to be able to form an even more powerful strength. This wire formation also brought the added benefit of flexibility. Germany started to make cast iron cranes 4 years later. The very first cast iron crane built by Germany was built in Neuburg.
